Skip to Main Content
  • Linde Worldwide
  • The Linde Group
  • About Linde

  • Industrial Gases
  • Home
  • What‘s happening
      • Advanced Materials
      • Efficiency Gains
      • Quality of Life
      • Environment and Resources
      • Digitalisation
  • Industries
      • Aquaculture
        • Flow-Through Farms
        • RAS
        • Sea Cages
        • Fish Transportation
      • Chemicals
        • Fine & Specialty Chemicals
        • Base & Petrochemicals
      • Construction & Infrastructure
        • Construction
        • Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning (HVAC)
        • Heavy Machinery
        • Offshore
        • Pipelines
        • Wind, Wave & Tidal
        • Energy & Process Plants
        • Connecting your welding processes, simply, quickly and traceably
        • Ground freezing
      • Electronics
        • Semiconductor
        • Display
        • Solar
        • LED
        • Contact the Linde Team
        • Quality
        • News & Media
      • Food & Beverages
        • Beverages
        • Dairy
        • Dry Foods & Bakery
        • Fruit & Vegetables
        • Meat
        • Edible Oils & Fats
        • Prepared & Catered Foods
        • Fish & Seafood
      • Glass
        • Glass Melting
        • Glass Forming
        • Glass Surface Treatment
        • Window Insulation and Lighting
        • Gas supply
        • Service
      • Laboratories
      • Leisure & Hospitality
        • Hospitality
        • Home & Hobby
      • Medical
        • Clinical Diagnostics
        • Healthcare
        • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
      • Metal Fabrication
        • Handcrafts & locksmiths
        • White goods
        • Scrap dealers
        • Metal job shops
        • EN 1090 Compliance
      • Metals
        • Aluminum
        • Iron
        • Steel
        • Gas supply
        • Services
      • Oil and Gas
        • Hydrocarbon recovery solutions
        • Plant and Pipeline Services
        • Cryo-condensation for VOC abatement
        • Water and wastewater treatment
      • Pharma & Biotech
        • Freeze drying
        • Reactor cooling
        • VOC emission control
        • Inert charging
        • Inerting, purging, sparging, pressure transfer
        • Gas Supply
        • Service
      • Plastics & Rubber
        • Linde Plastics Park
      • Power & Energy
        • Conventional power
        • Biomass fire suppression
      • Refining
        • Linde refining production plant
      • Transport
        • Aerospace
        • Automotive
        • Rail
        • Shipbuilding
        • Trucking
      • Water and Wastewater Treatment
        • Aerobic wastewater treatment with oxygen
        • Neutralisation and remineralisation with carbon dioxide
        • Pure oxygen for efficient ozone generation
        • Services and customer support
  • Solutions
      • Additive Manufacturing Processes
        • Metal Powder Production and Handling
        • 3D Printing
        • Additive Manufacturing Gas Supply
        • Surface finishing
        • R&D Additive Manufacturing
      • Analysis & Instrumentation
        • Traceability
      • Aquaculture
      • Cleaning, Polishing & Grinding
        • Bleaching
        • Carbon Dioxide Pulp Wash
        • CRYOCLEAN® Cleaning Solutions
        • Grinding
      • Clinical Analysis & Diagnostics
      • Coating & Surface Treatment
        • Coating
        • Ultraviolet & Electron Beam Curing
      • Controlled & Modified Atmospheres
        • Carbonation
        • Controlled Atmosphere Stunning (CAS)
        • Enhancing Greenhouse Growth
        • Liquid Nitrogen Dosing
        • Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP)
        • Oxygenation in Aquaculture
      • Cutting, Joining & Heating
        • Brazing and soldering
        • Cutting
        • Welding
        • Connected Welding
        • Flame Heat Treatment for Fabrication
        • LASERLINE Global Gas Solutions
      • Emissions Solutions
        • LOTOX
        • CIRRUS
      • Energy storage
        • Hydrogen Energy Storage
        • Thermal Energy Storage (TES)
      • Freezing & Cooling
        • Cooling for Metal Fabrication
        • Cooling of Core Hoses
        • Dross Cooling with Argon
        • Extrusion Cooling
        • Food Chilling & Freezing
        • Freeze drying
        • In-Transit Refrigeration
        • Rapid Cooling
        • Reactor Cooling
      • Fumigation & Pest Control
      • Heat Treatment
        • Annealing
        • Furnace Brazing
        • Carburising & Carbonitriding
        • Neutral Hardening
        • Nitriding & Nitrocarburising
        • Powder Metal Sintering
        • Sub-zero Treatment
        • Hot isostatic pressing
        • Gas supply
        • Service
      • Hydrogen solution
        • H2 is everywhere
        • One-stop Shop H2
        • H2 Reference projects
        • Experience H2
        • Shell Eco-marathon
        • FAQs
      • Inerting, purging, sparging
        • Inerting
        • Blanketing
        • Purging
        • Sparging
        • Pressure Transfer
        • Inert Charging with N2LOCK®
      • Leisure & Hospitality
      • Melting & Heating
        • Heating for Metal Fabrication
      • Oil and Gas
      • Petrochemical Processing & Refining
        • Fluid Catalytic Cracking
        • Gas/Liquid Reactions
        • Heterogeneous Oxidations
        • Hydrogen in Refining
        • Sulfur Recovery in Claus Plants
        • Industrial services for Refineries
        • Emissions abatement
      • Pharmaceutical Processing
      • Plastics & Rubber Processing
        • Foaming
        • Gas Injection Moulding (GIM)
        • Advanced Temperature Control of Injection Moulds
        • Pretreatment & Cleaning solutions
        • Plastics & Rubber Deflashing
        • Tyre Curing
      • Process Chemistry
        • Hydrogen Applications for Chemical Production
        • Reactor Cooling
        • VOC emission control
        • Stirring
      • Water and Wastewater Treatment
  • Products & Services
      • Aquaculture Solutions and Services
        • SOLVOX® A
        • SOLVOX® B & CD
        • SOLVOX® C Pressure-Dissolving Cone
        • SOLVOX® DropIn
        • SOLVOX® OxyStream
        • SOLVOX® Stream
        • SOLVOX® F
        • Innovations
        • Salt and brackish water
        • Fresh water
        • Gas supply
      • Atmospheric Gases
        • Air
        • Argon
        • Carbon dioxide
        • Helium
        • Nitrogen
        • Oxygen
        • Gases & Applications eBook
      • Fuel Gases
        • Acetylene
        • Hydrogen
        • Propane
        • Propylene
      • Shielding Gases
        • Argon 4.6
        • VARIGON H2
        • VARIGON H5
        • VARIGON He30
        • VARIGON He50
        • VARIGON He70
        • VARIGON N2.5
        • CORGON 5S2
        • CORGON 10
        • CORGON 18
        • CORGON 25
        • CORGON 12S2
        • CRONIGON 2
        • CRONIGON 2He38
        • CRONIGON 2He55
        • FORMIER 5
        • FORMIER 10
      • Electronic Gases and Chemicals
        • Bulk Gases
        • Electronic Special Gases
        • Isotopes
        • Lithography Gases
        • On-Site Gas Generation
        • On-Site Services
        • Rare Gases
        • Gas Systems and Equipment
        • Wet Chemicals
      • Energised Solutions
      • Food Chilling
        • ACCU-CHILL® BI
        • ACCU-CHILL® SC
        • ACCU-CHILL® IC
        • Dri-Pack®
        • Dry Ice
        • FROSTCRUISE®
        • Pelletizer system
        • Linde snow horns
        • Transport Controlled Temperature
      • Food Freezing
        • The Linde CRYOLINE Family
        • CRYOLINE CF
        • CRYOLINE CS
        • CRYOLINE CW
        • CRYOLINE CWI
        • CRYOLINE MT
        • CRYOLINE PE
        • CRYOLINE SC
        • CRYOLINE SI
        • CRYOLINE TI
        • CRYOLINE XF
      • Food Grade Gases
      • LINDOFLAMM® flame solutions
        • Automated Gas Burners
        • Manual Gas Burners
        • Gas Supply
      • Fumigants
        • Carbon Dioxide in Agriculture
        • EDN
        • VAPORMATE
      • Gas Mixtures
        • LASERLINE Global Gas Solutions
      • Packaged Chemicals
        • Product Range
        • Material data
      • Plant and pipeline services
      • Plastics & Rubber Solutions
        • PLASTINUM Foam Injection Moulding
        • PLASTINUM Gas Injection Moulding with N₂
        • PLASTINUM Gas Injection Moulding with CO₂
        • PLASTINUM Gas Injection Moulding with Inner Cooling
        • PLASTINUM Injection Moulding Inerting
        • PLASTINUM Spot Cooling with CO₂
        • PLASTINUM Dynamic Temperature Control with CO₂
        • PLASTINUM Extrusion Foaming with CO₂
        • PLASTINUM Polyurethane Foaming with CO₂
      • Pharmaceutical Solutions
      • Refining Solutions
        • OXYMIX injector
        • OXYMIX flowtrain
        • SURE burners
      • Refrigerants
        • CFCs
        • HCFCs
        • HFCs
        • HFOs
        • Natural Refrigerants
        • Reclaim, Recovery & Waste Management
        • Leak Detection Gases
        • Environment and Legislation
        • Contacts
      • Welding and Safety Products
        • Gas Equipment
        • Welding Consumables
        • Arc Equipment and Accessories
        • Personal Protective Equipment
        • Trade Tools
        • Welding & Safety Brands
        • Gas & Consumable Calculator
        • ARCLINE® PP: Experience Perfection
        • Digital Welding Management
      • Specialty Gases & Equipment
      • Supply Modes
        • Cylinders
        • Drum Tanks
        • Bulk Supply
        • Onsite Solutions
        • Pipelines
        • Air Separation Plants
        • HyCO Plants
        • Continuity of Supply
        • Gas calculator
      • Health & Safety
        • Mitigating Asphyxiation Risks
        • Gas Hazards & Properties
        • Handling Dangerous Substances
        • Handling Gas Cylinders & Cylinder Care
        • Safety Data Sheets
        • Transporting Gas Cylinders
  • Company
      • The Linde Group
      • Careers
      • News & Media
      • Online Shops
  •  
  • Linde Worldwide
  • The Linde Group
  • About Linde
  • News & Media
  • Press Services
  • Press Releases
  • Linde @ Social Media
  • Events
  • Publications
    • Oxygen enrichment in air oxidation reactions
    • Inerting in the chemical industry
  • Linde Apps
  • Video Library
  • Media Contacts
  • News & Media
  • Publications
  • Analyst Presentation Q2 2008
    • Facebook
    • Twitter
    • YouTube
    • Google Plus
    • LinkedIn
    • Xing
    • Sitemap
    • Terms of use
    • Legal notice
    • Data protection
    • Cookie Policy

  • © The Linde Group 2019

To enhance your user experience and to deliver our online services, this website uses cookies for reasons of functionality, comfort and statistics. By continuing to browse the site, you are agreeing to our use of cookies.
You can find out more on our data protection information.
You must check the "I accept cookies from Linde Sites" box to accept.
More